Right to Health and Medical Services
Reports from international organizations and human rights groups contain data on limited access to medical care in occupied territories, which may contradict principles established by Federal Law 'On the Fundamentals of Citizen Health Protection' and international humanitarian law.
- Federal Law No. 323-FZ — establishes duties of medical institutions and state guarantees for medical care.
- Constitutional Rights — the right to health and medical assistance is a component of fundamental human rights.
Read more (Law 323-FZ) →
Read more (Constitutional Health Rights) →
Restrictions on Access to Medical Care under Occupation
According to MSF (Doctors Without Borders), in occupied territories access to medicines, equipment, and medical facilities has been severely limited, with some facilities looted or repurposed.
PHR (Physicians for Human Rights) analysis reports instances of medical facilities being repurposed, used inconsistently with their intended function, and facing logistical challenges in medical supply distribution.
Key Provisions of Law 323-FZ
The law establishes the obligation of medical organizations to provide emergency medical assistance and ensures basic guarantees for citizens. However, in armed conflict and occupation contexts, actual medical practice may differ significantly.
Documented Cases and Observations
- MSF recorded instances where patients and staff reported shortages of medicines and inability to provide proper emergency care in certain medical facilities.
- According to PHR, some medical facilities were repurposed, and medical supplies were distributed inefficiently, hindering the healthcare system's proper functioning.
- Analysis of war impacts on healthcare indicates significant destruction or damage to medical infrastructure in Ukraine, including occupied areas.
- Reports indicate that not all medical facilities in occupied territories are integrated into the healthcare system of the controlling jurisdiction, creating difficulties in ensuring medicines and personnel.
Legal Risks and Responsibility
- International humanitarian law requires the occupying power to maintain the functioning of medical facilities and provide medical assistance to the population.
- Potentially responsible individuals may have legal obligations — under national law (Law 323-FZ) and international law — if intentional neglect of duties is proven.
- Evidence includes NGO reports, testimonies of medical staff, patient interviews, and documented issues with medical supply chains.
International Legal Context
Restrictions on access to medical care in armed conflict zones may be examined under international humanitarian law (IHL) standards. PHR reports emphasize that the occupying power must ensure medical services for the population and maintain medical infrastructure. Attacks on medical facilities in conflict contexts have also been documented in peer-reviewed publications.
Primary Legal Source
The analysis is based on the text of Federal Law No. 323-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Citizen Health Protection” (including amendments), as well as data from open sources, including reports from MSF, PHR, and others.
Reference: ConsultantPlus — full text of Federal Law 323-FZ.
Об авторах
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Дата последнего изменения: 25/11/2025