Crimes against Peace and Organization of Aggressive War
The Russian leadership planned, prepared, and initiated an invasion of the territory of another state, including the annexation of Crimea (2014) and the full-scale invasion (2022). These actions fall under:
- Art. 353–354 CC RF — organization and participation in aggressive war.
- Art. 275 CC RF — state treason (hypothetical qualification for harm to the security of the Russian Federation).
Illegal Armed Formations, Mercenarism, Financing, and Misappropriation of Budget Funds
The Russian state systematically supported the “DNR/LNR” with weapons, ammunition, training, and financing, and organized private military companies (PMCs), which falls under:
- Art. 208 CC RF — organization and participation in illegal armed formations.
- Art. 359 CC RF — Mercenarism (financing, recruitment, and use of mercenaries).
- Art. 201, 285, 285.1, 285.2, 286 CC RF — abuse, misuse, and exceeding authority in financing and managing military operations abroad.
- Art. 172 CC RF and the Budget Code of the RF — embezzlement or misuse of budget funds to support illegal armed formations and “humanitarian convoys.”
Illegal Arms Trafficking and Border Crossing
Transfer and transportation of weapons, equipment, and ammunition across the border without permits violates:
- Art. 222, 222.1 CC RF — illegal arms circulation.
- Art. 226.1 CC RF — smuggling of strategically important goods (including weapons).
- Federal Law "On the State Border of the Russian Federation" — illegal border crossing.
- Art. 286 CC RF — abuse of authority by officials when moving equipment and weapons.
Crimes Against Life and Health (Including Servicemen's Rights)
Russian forces caused numerous killings, torture, injuries, and property destruction. Furthermore, military command violated the rights of their own mobilized and contracted personnel:
- Art. 105 CC RF — murder.
- Art. 111, 112, 117, 118 CC RF — infliction of serious or moderate harm, torture, and death by negligence.
- Art. 293 CC RF — Negligence (failure to provide training, equipment, medical care, resulting in injury or death).
- Violation of Federal Laws "On Mobilization" and "On the Status of Servicemen" (illegal mobilization, denial of release from service).
- Art. 317 CC RF — assault on a military serviceman.
- Art. 167 CC RF — intentional destruction or damage to property.
Illegal Detention, Kidnapping, and Deportation
Abduction of civilians, activists, and journalists, as well as forced relocation of Ukrainian children, falls under:
- Art. 126.1, 126, 127 CC RF — kidnapping, hostage-taking, and illegal deprivation of liberty.
- Art. 292, 327 CC RF — official forgery and document falsification in passports and relocation.
- Federal Law "On Citizenship of the Russian Federation" — forced passportization of the population in occupied territories.
Violations of Medical and Social Rights
Denial of medical assistance, forced evacuation of the wounded, and inadequate conditions in occupied territories violate:
- Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens"
- Constitutional rights of Russian and Ukrainian citizens to life and health.
Violations of Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Media Activity
Propaganda, censorship, blocking of independent media, and restriction of peaceful assemblies fall under:
- Art. 29, Part 5 of the Constitution of the RF — Direct violation of the constitutional ban on censorship (via Art. 207.3, 280.3 CC RF).
- Art. 29, 31 of the Constitution of the RF
- Federal Law "On Media"
- Federal Law "On Counteracting Extremist Activities"
- Interference in legitimate government activity through dissemination of false information (Art. 284 CC RF).
Crimes Against Peace, Security of Mankind, and Methods of Warfare
Actions including indiscriminate shelling, attacks on civilian infrastructure and population, ecological destruction, and intent to destroy a national group fall under Chapter 34 of the CC RF:
- Art. 357 CC RF — Genocide (including the forcible transfer of children).
- Art. 358 CC RF — Ecocide (mass destruction of environment, actions causing ecological catastrophe, e.g., Kakhovka Dam).
- Art. 356 CC RF — use of prohibited means and methods of warfare.
- Norms of international humanitarian law and the Geneva Conventions.
Falsification of Evidence and Official Documents
Falsification of humanitarian aid documents, permits for arms transfers, and destruction of evidence of war crimes fall under:
- Art. 292, 303, 327 CC RF
- Violation of federal standards on authenticity of official documents.
Violation of International Treaties and Obligations
Violation of international treaties and obligations enshrined in the Constitution of the RF (Art. 15 of the Constitution of the RF), including:
- Treaty of Friendship with Ukraine (1997)
- Budapest Memorandum (1994)
Undermines the supremacy of international law and national legislation.
Corruption and Laundering of Criminal Income
Contracts for reconstruction of occupied territories, asset withdrawals, evasion of sanctions, which fall under:
- Art. 290, 174 CC RF — bribery, legalization of criminal proceeds.