Restrictions on Freedom of Speech, Assembly, and Journalism
According to human rights organizations, the anti-extremism law is actively used by authorities to limit peaceful protests, block media, and suppress opposition activists.
- The Russian Constitution — guarantees freedom of expression and assembly;
- The Media Law — media independence is often questioned when measures under 114-FZ are applied;
- 114-FZ — applied to statements and symbols, raising concerns of exceeding authority;
- Criminal and administrative prosecution — some cases are related to expressing dissenting opinions.
Read more: Russian Constitution →
Read more: Media Law →
Read more: Law 114-FZ →
Read more: Interference in Media and Civil Activities →
Documented Cases of 114-FZ Abuse (2014–2025)
Analysis of open sources (HRW, OVD-Info, independent media) shows that anti-extremism legislation is used to pressure activists, journalists, and opposition groups.
Observations and Facts
- According to Roskomsvoboda, the number of criminal extremism cases has significantly increased in recent years, indicating expanded use of 114-FZ.
- HRW reports active use of 114-FZ to persecute opposition activists and religious minorities, especially after the start of open conflict.
- Human rights reports emphasize that the law's provisions remain vague, and its application may be politically motivated.
- Case law shows that anti-extremism charges are sometimes issued for expressions or symbols without clear signs of violence.
Mechanisms of Abuse
- Broad interpretation of "extremism" allows anti-war or politically nonconforming statements to be classified as extremist.
- Organizations and media critical of the government may face liquidation or blocking procedures.
- Anti-extremism warnings or charges may be used as pressure or control over civil institutions.
Legal Liability
- Potential criminal offenses: dissemination of "extremist" materials, abuse of official powers, interference with media activities;
- Responsible parties may include law enforcement officers, regulators, officials, and prosecutors;
- Evidence of abuses includes court decisions, human rights reports, media publications, and testimonies of victims.
International Legal Assessments
The use of 114-FZ to suppress freedom of expression is criticized by international human rights organizations. Violations may fall under standards of the European Convention on Human Rights (Article 10) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Article 19). Reports by the Venice Commission and independent analysts discuss the law's flaws and risks for human rights.
Primary Legal Source
This analysis is based on the text of Federal Law No. 114-FZ “On Countering Extremist Activities” including amendments, as well as open reports from human rights organizations (HRW, OVD-Info, and others).
Reference: ConsultantPlus — full text of 114-FZ.
Об авторах
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Методология
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Дата последнего изменения: 25/11/2025